What it is
The macula is the small central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision — the vision you use to read and recognise faces. In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the macula is damaged over time. “Dry” AMD develops slowly. “Wet” AMD happens when abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula and leak, and it can reduce vision quickly.
Who it's for
Usually people over 50. See an eye doctor if you notice a blurred or dark patch in the centre of your vision, straight lines looking wavy, or difficulty reading. Age, smoking and a family history of AMD increase the risk.
What to expect
The retina is examined after dilating drops, and an OCT scan shows the layers of the macula. Wet AMD is usually treated with injections of anti-VEGF medicine into the eye, repeated at intervals. Dry AMD is monitored, and your doctor will advise on lifestyle changes and low-vision aids where helpful.
Recovery
Injections are usually repeated over months, guided by regular OCT scans. Your doctor may give you an Amsler grid — a simple chart of lines — to check your vision at home. Stopping smoking is one of the most useful things you can do.
Frequently asked questions
Will AMD make me completely blind?
AMD affects central vision. Side (peripheral) vision usually remains, so most people can still move around independently.
What is an eye injection like?
The eye is numbed with drops and cleaned before the injection, which takes only seconds. Most people feel brief pressure.
Medically reviewed by Dr. Sweta Patro